Methodology
Growth
- Revenue growth (YoY)
- (Revenue FY − Revenue FY-1) ÷ |Revenue FY-1|
- Net income growth (YoY)
- (Net income FY − Net income FY-1) ÷ |Net income FY-1|
- Revenue CAGR (3Y)
- (Revenue FY ÷ Revenue FY-3)^(1/3) − 1; requires positive values
- Revenue CAGR (5Y)
- (Revenue FY ÷ Revenue FY-5)^(1/5) − 1; requires positive values
- Net income CAGR (3Y)
- (Net income FY ÷ Net income FY-3)^(1/3) − 1; requires positive values
- Net income CAGR (5Y)
- (Net income FY ÷ Net income FY-5)^(1/5) − 1; requires positive values
- EPS CAGR (3Y)
- (EPS FY ÷ EPS FY-3)^(1/3) − 1; requires reported EPS per year
- EPS CAGR (5Y)
- (EPS FY ÷ EPS FY-5)^(1/5) − 1; requires reported EPS per year
Profitability
- Gross margin
- Gross profit FY ÷ Revenue FY
- Operating margin
- Operating income FY ÷ Revenue FY
- Net margin
- Net income FY ÷ Revenue FY
- Return on equity
- Net income FY ÷ average shareholders’ equity (FY, FY-1); null when closing equity ≤ 0
- Return on assets
- Net income FY ÷ average total assets (FY, FY-1)
- Return on invested capital
- Operating income × (1 − effective tax rate) ÷ (total debt + equity); requires tax data
Valuation
- Market capitalization
- Price × shares outstanding
- Price / earnings
- Price ÷ EPS (TTM EPS when reported, else net income FY ÷ shares); null when EPS ≤ 0
- Price / book
- Price ÷ (shareholders’ equity FY ÷ shares); null when equity ≤ 0
- EV / EBITDA
- (Market cap + total debt − cash) ÷ EBITDA FY; requires cash and EBITDA
- Free cash flow yield
- Free cash flow FY ÷ market cap
Dividends
- Dividend yield
- Dividends per share over the last 12 months (by eligibility date) ÷ price
- Payout ratio
- Dividends per share (12 months) ÷ EPS
Liquidity
- Current ratio
- Current assets ÷ current liabilities; requires current balances
Leverage
- Debt / equity
- Total debt FY ÷ shareholders’ equity FY
- Liabilities / assets
- Total liabilities FY ÷ total assets FY
- Net debt / EBITDA
- (Total debt − cash) ÷ EBITDA FY; requires cash and EBITDA
- Interest coverage
- Operating income FY ÷ interest expense FY; requires interest expense
Efficiency
- Asset turnover
- Revenue FY ÷ average total assets (FY, FY-1)
Earnings quality
- Operating cash flow / net income
- Operating cash flow FY ÷ net income FY; null when net income ≤ 0